Ytterbium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Yb:YAG) is more suitable for diode-pumping than the traditional Nd-doped laser crystal. Compared with the commonly used Nd:YAG, Yb:YAG has the following advantages: three to four times lower thermal loading per unit pump power and much larger absorption bandwidth to reduce thermal management requirements for diode lasers, longer upper-laser level lifetime.
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Ytterbium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Yb:YAG) is more suitable for diode-pumping than the traditional Nd-doped laser crystal. Compared with the commonly used Nd:YAG, Yb:YAG has the following advantages: three to four times lower thermal loading per unit pump power and much larger absorption bandwidth to reduce thermal management requirements for diode lasers, longer upper-laser level lifetime.
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Nd:YVO4 (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Vanadate) is one of the best commercially available material for diode-pumped solid-state lasers, especially for lasers with low or middle power density. For example, Nd:YVO4 is a better choice than Nd:YAG for generating low-power beams in hand-held pointers or other compact lasers. In these applications, Nd:YOV4 has some advantages over Nd:YAG, e.g.
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Beta-BBO crystal is an important nonlinear optical crystal
with combination of unique optical properties, such as broad transmission and
phase matching ranges, large nonlinear coefficient, high damage
threshold and excellent optical homogeneity. The β-BBO crystal is an efficient material for the second, third and fourth
harmonic generation of Nd:YAG lasers, and the best NLO material for the
fifth harmonic generation at 213 nm.
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KTP Crystal Features• Large Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Coefficients• Wide Phase-matching Acceptance Angle• Broad Temperature and Spectral Bandwidth• High Electro-Optic (E-O) Coefficients
• Nonhygroscopic, Good Chemical and Mechanical Properties
• Relatively High Damage Threshold for E-O modulatorKTP Crystal Applications1. SHG of Nd:Laser - KTP is the most commonly used material for
frequency doubling of Nd:YAG and other Nd-doped lasers, particularly
when the power density is at a low or medium level.
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KTP (KTiOPO4) is one of the most commonly used nonlinear optical materials. For example, it’s regularly used for frequency doubling of Nd:YAG lasers and other Nd-doped lasers, particularly at low or medium-power density. KTP is also widely used as OPO, EOM, optical wave-guide material, and in directional couplers.KTP exhibits a high optical quality, broad transparency range, wide acceptance angle, small walk-off angle, and type I and II non-critical phase-matching (NCPM) in a wide wavelength range.
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The periodic polarized KTP (PPKTP) is a novel nonlinear optical material that can be customized to achieve all of the nonlinear applications required in the entire KTP crystal transmission band, without the phase matching limitations of conventional KTP. Moreover, the effective nonlinear coefficient of PPKTP is about 3 times higher than that of conventional KTP. In the nonlinear application of conventional KTP, the crystal must have a single domain structure, but PPKTP crystal has an artificially induced periodic domain structure.
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Cr:YAG (Chromium doped Ytterium Aluminum Garnet, Cr:Y3Al5O12) crystal is an excellent material for passive Q-switching of Nd:YAG and other Nd or Yb doped lasers in the wavelength range of 0.8 to 1.2 μm. One of the remarkable features of Cr:YAG is its high damage threshold (500-1000 MW/cm2). Its absorption band extends from 800 nm to 1200 nm and peaks at around 1060nm with a very large absorption cross section.
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LBO (LiB3O5) is a kind of non-linear optical crystal with good ultraviolet transmittance (210-2300 nm), high laser damage threshold and large effective frequency doubling coefficient (about 3 times of KDP crystal). So LBO is commonly used to produce high power second and third harmonic laser light, especially for ultraviolet lasers.LBO has large band gap and transparency region, high non-linear coupling, good chemical and mechanical properties.
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A Pockels cell driver is a high-voltage regulated power supply,
either pulse or continuous, allowing to control a birefringence of an
electro-optical crystal (KTP, KD*P, BBO, etc.) in order to drive the
polarization direction of the light propagating through the crystal.WISOPTIC has developed and produces a variety of Pockels cell drivers
for different applications: from very simple compact devices for
q-switching to precise and powerful fast models for pulse picking,
cavity damping, regenerative amplifier control, etc.
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Basically all Pockels cell drivers are made based on
solid-state electronic technology, using high voltage transistors such
as MOSFETs.
Multiple high voltage transistors may have to be stacked, taking care to
achieve an even distribution of voltage across those.
Instead of using some heavily isolated floating gate drive circuitry for
the different transistors, one may use certain advanced ideas such as
implementing so-called avalanche switch stacks involving avalanche
diodes and/or avalanche bipolar transistors.Device lifetimes can be very long, provided that properly engineered
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Potassium dideuterium phosphate DKDP (KD * P) crystal has low optical loss, high extinction ratio, and excellent electro-optical performance. DKDP Pockels cells are made by using the longitudinal effect of DKDP crystals. The modulation effect is stable and the pulse width is small.
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The EO Q-switch (Pockels cell) is an electro-optic device in which the crystal
produces linear changes in the birefringence of the crystal (in contrast
to the Kerr Effect, which is quadratic with E).
Pockels cells are essential components in various optical devices such
as Q-switches for lasers, free space electro-optical modulators, free
space switches. WISOPTIC use highly deuterated DKDP (KD*P) crystal (D%>99%) to make high quality Q-switches with high laser induced damage threshold.
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The high
damage threshold makes BBO cells more attractive than others in the high
power systems. Like LiNbO3 Pockels cells, BBO Pockels cells work in
transverse mode, which makes the cells very compact, and the half-wave
voltage designable. BBO Pockels cells are also suitable for systems with
high repetition rates.WISOPTIC has been granted of several patents for its technology of BBO Pockels cells. WISOPTIC’s mass products of BBO Pockels cell are gaining worldwide customers’ interest and trust for its high cost performance.
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LiNbO3 (Lithium Niobate, LN) crystal is a multifunctional material that integrates properties of piezoelectric, ferroelectric, pyroelectric, nonlinear, electro-optical, photoelastic, etc. LiNbO3 has good thermal stability and chemical stability.Among the EO crystals, LN and DKDP are the two primary material that have been practical. DKDP crystals can be easily grown with a high optical homogeneity, which can satisfy the requirement of a large caliber Pockels cell.
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HGTR (high anti-grey track) KTP crystal developed by hydrothermal method overcomes the common phenomenon of electrochromism of the flux-grown KTP, thus has many advantages such as high electrical resistivity, low insertion loss, low half-wave voltage, high laser damage threshold, and wide transmission band.KTP Pockels cells made by HGTR-KTP crystal are mainly used in pulse lasers with narrow pulse width and high repetition frequency.
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BBO(Beta-Barium Borate, β-BaB2O4)based Pockels cells operate from approximately 0.2 - 1.65 µm and are not subject to tracking degradation. BBO exhibits low piezoelectric response, good thermal stability, and low absorption. Low
piezoelectric ringing makes this Pockels cell attractive for the control
of high-power and high-pulse repetition rate (hundreds of kilohertz, up to 1MHz) lasers.
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LiNbO3 crystal is a low cost photoelectric material with good mechanical
and physical properties as well as high optical homogeneity. It has
been widely used as frequency doublers for wavelength > 1mm and
optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) pumped at 1064nm as well as
quasi-phase-matched (QPM) devices. With preferable E-O coefficients,
LiNbO3 crystal has become the most commonly used material for Q-switches
and phase modulators, waveguide substrate, and surface acoustic wave
(SAW) wafers, etc.
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RTP (Rubidium Titanyl Phosphate - RbTiOPO4) is a very desirable crystal material for E-O modulators and Q-switches. It has advantages of higher damage threshold (about 1.8 times that of KTP), high resistivity, high repetition rate, no hygroscopic or piezoelectric effect. As biaxial crystals, RTP’s natural birefringence needs to be compensated by use of two crystal rods specially oriented so that beam passes along the X-direction or Y-direction.
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LiNbO3 (Lithium Niobate, LN) crystal is a multifunctional material that integrates properties of piezoelectric, ferroelectric, pyroelectric, nonlinear, electro-optical, photoelastic, etc. LiNbO3 has good thermal stability and chemical stability. Among the EO crystals, LN and DKDP are the two primary material that have been practical. DKDP crystals can be easily grown with a high optical homogeneity, which can satisfy the requirement of a large caliber Pockels cell.
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Pure LiNbO3 (LN) is a good candidate for various optical devices, but
has a major disadvantage due to its low threshold optical damage. MgO:LN (congruent
compositions) is one of the possible solutions to deal with this
problem. MgO doping has played an important role in LN and shown an
increased threshold laser beam strength by 100 times. An interesting
point is that every physical property of MgO:LN (e.g.
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Nd:YVO4 (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Vanadate) is the most efficient laser crystal for diode-pumped solid-state lasers. Its good physical, optical and mechanical properties make Nd:YVO4 an excellent crystal for high power, stable and cost-effective diode-pumped solid-state lasers, especially for lasers with low or middle power density. Nd:YVO4 is
a good choice for highly polarized output at 1342 nm, as the emission
line is much stronger than those of its alternatives.
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Compared with congruent LN (cLN) crysal, the electro-optic
coefficient, nonlinear optical coefficient, periodic polarization
reversal voltage and applied photorefractive properties of
stoichiometric LN (sLN) crystal are greatly improved. With such excellent
physical properties and wide application prospects, sLN crystal has rapidly become a competitive optoelectronic
material.sLN crystals are expected to be thermodynamically stable up to their melting temperature at 1170°C, while keeping a largerelectrical resistivity than cLN crystals by one order of magnitude at any temperature.
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Tm:YAP crystal is one of the most important crystals for LD pumping 2μm laser. The anisotropic structure of Tm:YAP produces anisotropic emission cross section. Tm:YAP crystals with different orientations have different output wavelengths and operating forms for different functions. Compared with the physical and chemical properties of Tm:YAG, the 795nm pump absorption band of Tm:YAP matches the emission wavelength of commonly used high-power AlGaAs diodes better.
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